In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This was the first step in a slow process that ended in 1990, when the World Health Organization (WHO) removed this diagnostic category from its list of mental illnesses. Unfortunately, this measure did not stop the society from continuing to view heterosexuality as the only valid sexual orientation. Prejudices and negative beliefs about homosexuality are so widespread in our society that the homophobia that homosexual and bisexual people feel towards themselves (internalized homophobia) is a common feature of their psychosocial development. For this reason, our research efforts in this area are focused in the assessment of internalized homophobia and the analysis of the consequences that having a sexual orientation different from heterosexuality may have on sexual health. Furthermore, we have also explored the variety of the affective-sexual diversity found in our society throughout the entire life cycle and the sexuality of people with different orientations and gender identities.